Learn one useful grammar pattern at a time. Read the explanation, study the examples, and try the mini practice.
Use the present perfect for experiences, recent results and actions continuing to the present.
He has ___ his project already.
Use present perfect when the exact finished time is not stated; use past simple with a finished past time.
We ___ Ha Long Bay last year.
Use had + past participle for an action that happened before another past action.
The train had ___ before we reached the station.
Use past perfect for the earlier past action and past simple for the later action.
After he ___ dinner, he went out.
Use wish + past simple to talk about a present situation you want to be different.
I wish I ___ more confident.
Use wish + past perfect to express regret about a past situation.
He wishes he ___ earlier.
Use If + present simple, will + base verb for a real future possibility.
If it rains, we ___ stay home.
Use If + past simple, would + base verb for hypothetical situations.
If I were you, I ___ study regularly.
Use If + past perfect, would have + past participle to imagine a different past result.
If she had left earlier, she ___ have caught the bus.
Use passive forms when the action or result is more important than the doer.
The letters ___ delivered yesterday.
Use said/told to report statements and adjust pronouns and tenses when needed.
She said that she ___ tired.
Use asked/wanted to know and statement word order when reporting questions.
She asked me where I ___.
Use defining relative clauses with who, which, that, where and when to give essential information.
The school ___ I studied is nearby.
Review common verbs followed by -ing or to + verb and use them accurately in context.
They decided ___ early.
Use must, have to, should, ought to and mustn’t for rules, necessity and advice.
You ___ not use your phone during the exam.
Use although, however, therefore, because, in addition and while to connect ideas in clear writing.
The task was difficult. ___, we finished it.
Choose the conditional that matches the meaning: real possibility, imaginary situation or past regret.
If I were you, I ___ ask the teacher.
Transform sentences without changing their meaning by using the required grammar structure.
Although he was tired, he worked. → He was tired, ___ he worked.